In Western medicine, the terms Osteopenia and Osteoporosis are employed to characterize conditions associated with diminished bone strength (Cosman et al., 2014, The Lancet). Osteopenia refers to a state wherein bone density falls below the average for an individual's age, and it is acknowledged as a precursor to more advanced stages of Osteoporosis (National Osteoporosis Foundation, 2021, Osteoporosis International).
Osteoporosis signifies a more pronounced reduction in bone mass, rendering bones susceptible to fractures (Wright et al., 2014, Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease). In Traditional Chinese Medicine, the kidneys hold dominion over the bones, and among the potential patterns of disharmony that contribute to bone fragility is kidney essence deficiency, which serves as the bedrock for growth and development (Yang et al., 2018, The American Journal of Chinese Medicine). This deficiency often encompasses both kidney yin and yang, manifesting as compromised bone development, feeble limbs, and fontanelle anomalies (Luo et al., 2014, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine).
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