In Western medicine, the immune system is conceptualized as a multifaceted arrangement of cells, tissues, and organs that combat infections and diseases collaboratively. This includes components like white blood cells and lymphatic tissues (thymus, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes and vessels, and bone marrow) (Chaplin, D. D. 2010, Nature Reviews Immunology). An immune response involves the identification and neutralization of antigens perceived as foreign.
In contrast, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) refers to the immune system as "Wei Qi" or Defensive Qi, associated with the lung meridian. Wei Qi operates between the skin and muscles as the initial defense against external pathogens (Li et al., 2018, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine). TCM also describes Ying Qi, derived from nutrition, as supportive of Wei Qi, thereby emphasizing a holistic approach to immunological health.
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